Perpetrated by Oskarele
Of course, the Aristotelian theory of substance, confronted and openly critical of the Theory of Ideas of Plato's good, it also departs of his master in regard to the conception of human beings. Recall that Plato regarded this as accidental and temporary union of body and soul (prisoner in the body and only released with death), a corruptible and the other immortal.
For Plato man is soul as immortal and transcendent which is this, man endures beyond death.
Aristotle, consistent with his theory of substance, which assumes that there is no separate existences, but junticos matter and form, apply this scheme to the problem of man must be a substance composed of matter (the body) and is (soul).
But the same happens in all living things, from a pea to our beloved president Zapatero. All of them have soul in a substantial union (not accidental, as posed by Plato), and although the distinction between soul and body is real, can only be thought.
This leads to a tragic consequence: the soul can not be immortal, and there can be no form without matter.
When man dies, loses his way of "being alive" to become "dead" (though, following their own terms, would be a dead man in power ...)
Still, in his book "De Anima "will present three types of soul: vegetative, the sensitive and rational.
The vegetative soul exercises the functions of assimilation and reproduction (functions of maintenance of life) and is the kind of soul plant itself, but in fact all living beings have it, since these functions common to all.
The sensitive soul, as Aristotle than the propagation, it is the animal itself, apart from basic functions, also controls the senses, desire and movement, as well as imagination and memory.
The third kind of soul, than the previous two, is the rational soul, which accounts for the functions of the other two, but also is able to exercise intellect (ability of scientific knowledge and practical). It's the kind of human being's soul and is not only vital principle, but the beginning of knowledge.
This brings us to the existence of different levels of knowledge: sensible derived from the senses, and is something immediate and characteristic of animals. Humans also have it, but, when mixed with sensory memory and imagination results in a form of knowledge that, without that allows men to know the reason and the cause of the known objects, allowing them, without But knowing that there is, experience is knowledge of particular things: "... any action is sensitive to our eyes the true knowledge, rather than are the foundation of knowledge of particular things, but why not tell us anything, for example, we do see that fire is hot but just warm. "
addition, the human being endowed with a state higher level of knowledge: the understanding that allows us to know the why of things, but always based on experience, the starting point of all knowledge, culminating in the know.
distinguishes Aristotle "Metaphysics" three of knowledge: productive (aims at making useful) practical knowledge (ordering rational behavior) and contemplative or theoretical knowledge (not respond to any type of interest, neither practical nor productive, and represents the highest form of knowledge that leads to wisdom)
The idea that it is through the experience will nurture understanding (the rational soul) of its objects of knowledge through a process involving sensitivity, memory and imagination, is really innovative, and is without doubt one of the great contributions of Aristotle.
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