Sunday, March 27, 2011

Sample Spanish Civil Ceremony

The Taung child

Perpetrated by Oskarele

Raymond Dart (1893-1988), anatomist and anthropologist from Australia, was head of the department of anatomy at the University of Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa in 1924. That year he received a small but nearly complete skull of what looked like a child, his face intact, a lower jaw and what is called "endocasts" (a natural cast of the brain). Had been found in a limestone quarry on the edge of the Kalahari desert, in a place called Taung. Dart

realized when it was not a skull of a child "human" but must belong to some kind of ancestor of man.

But neither looked like a Homo Erectus as Dubois had found in Java a few decades before, but something much older and simian.

addition, this individual had all the baby teeth and I were finishing out the wheels, so they had to have calculated that about 3 or 4 years.


Finally, he realized that the skull could be positioned directly on the spine, indicating an upright position, which barred him from the apes.

So without thinking twice, assigned dating back two million years ago and named it "Australopithecus africanus " (meaning something like "South African ape-man").

wrote an article for the journal Nature (February 7, 1925, published) in which he called the remains of the "Taung Child", as it began to be called as "human surprisingly, considering that it was necessary to create a family completely new to explain, Homo simiadae (ape men).

was treated even worse than it was Dubois.


A scientific authorities resented almost every aspect of his theory, as well as himself. Be cast into a pompous side the callback request by Curran's research and analysis without asking anyone for help. Even the name he chose, Australopithecus, indicated for the beasts lack of academic precision, mixing Greek and Latin ... but above all he was questioned because his ideas were swept, the current scientific beliefs: all accepted at the time that humans and apes had "separated" for some 15 million years ago in Asia.

More than anything because if humans left Africa we had we would all "negroid", thought the lights the moment ... for the love of God.

was simply something that did not fit with what was known at that time.

Only twelve years later when Robert Broom , physician and palaeontologist of Scottish origin, a man of remarkable intelligence and wonderfully eccentric character (he was, for example, the habit of doing fieldwork, when it was hot, totally naked) discovered another adult specimen of the same species in the Sterkfontein cave, Dart's discovery was accepted, and both samples were classified as Australopithecus africanus, the first fossil of the subfamily australopithecines belonging to the hominid family.

Broom was an accomplished paleontologist, and also lived in South Africa, was able to personally examine the skull of the Taung Child in situ. Immediately realized that was as important as supposed Dart and spoke forcefully in defense of the theories of this, but without success.

Moreover, during the next half century is still considered that the Taung child was a chimpanzee. Dart insisted on the matter, to the point of spending five years writing a monograph that nobody wanted to publish.

The skull of the Taung child spent years serving as a paperweight on the desk Dart.



Today is considered one of the most important treasures of anthropology.

Furthermore, Broom's career seemed finished, but thanks to Dart, who had some hand in the South African government took a position as assistant to Broom Palaeontology Transvaal Museum in Pretoria, in 1934.

Eventually the luck finally smiled at Broom: in 1937 discovered some debris (large jaw), a proto-human who at first thought that did not belong to the genus Australopithecus. He called it " Paranthropus robustu s "(something like half-human robust) and dated it between 2 and 1.2 million years old.

was the first species discovered in the genus Paranthropus.

But also, soon after, in April 1947, made a series of spectacular finds, including fragments from six hominids at Sterkfontein (known today as the "Cradle of Humanity" and "World Heritage" by the UNESCO), which he called "Plesianthropus transvaalensis" but were later classified as Australopithecus africanus adults, highlighting a nearly complete skull, which was colloquially called "Mrs Ples " (at "plesianthropus").

had a length of between 2.6 and 2.8 million years. It should be noted that the sex of the skull is not completely determined and, in fact, Mrs Ples Ples may be the Lord.




addition, X-ray analysis of the roots of the teeth of Mrs Ples suggest it was a subadult, hence the name "Miss Ples" is also possible.

Around the same time, 1946, proposed the subfamily of the australopithecines to explain these findings. The remainder of Broom's career was devoted to the exploration of these deposits and the interpretation of many early hominid remains were found.

the Taung child AND MRS PLES junticos

More info and sources here: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Dart here: http : / / es.wikipedia.org / wiki / Ni% C3% B1o_de_Taung here: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Broom here: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki / Paranthropus_robustus and here: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sra._Ples .

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PLES AND MRS LOUIS ARMSTRONG (1901-1971) - U.S. - trumpet and


ByCineclásicajazz Pizcadelodemás

You try to find some words that do justice to the greatness of this musician, and realizes that there is already a phrase, is only sufficient, which is defined to perfection and was dedicated as much as Duke Ellington "was born poor, died rich and never hurt anyone along the way", perhaps you could add on that road also made us happy for many.

Louis is a figure that has long been highly contested by some black jazz musicians to criticize his eternal smile, his apparent submission to whites, bold image that may well happen that we do well, but the reality is that he was undoubtedly one of the biggest contributors to his art that jazz is today what it is, and who managed to others who have criticized work.

Armstrong Miles Davis said "You can not touch anything with a horn that Louis has not played" is that for many, Louis only one who sings Hello Dolly or the well-worn but glorious "What a wonderful world", but beyond of their songs was a splendid trumpet and that only enhanced the song when his upper lip was destroyed by the mouthpiece of the trumpet. Bing Crosby said of him "It's the only musician who ever lived can not be replaced by someone" and certainly not have been so many musicians after him.

called him Satchmo (also Pops) by the confusion of a journalist on a European tour. Louis had a mouth a little excessive, he would present himself as "Satchelmouth" coming to mean something like bag mouth. The fact is that a British journalist with little ear for the accent of the southern United States, understood "Satchmo" and this was in his chronicle that served to rename this great genius of contemporary music.

say that jazz is about Armstrong and the Louis commented one day when asked in an interview "What is Jazz?" - "If you have, you ask, you'll never know." And he was right. Other phrases

Armstrong:

There are only two ways to sum up music: either it is good or bad. If you do not give good round, just enjoy it.

All music is folk music. I never heard a horse sing a song.

Money is not something that gives me happiness. You can buy a liquor better than buying the drunk on the corner, but when you die, you will like him.

Musicians do not retire, they stop when there is no music in them.

My whole life, my whole soul, my whole spirit is to blow this instrument.

For those interested there I leave a link to your photo album that has been dedicated to him: http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=126815644036357 # / album.php? Aid = 27508 & id = 100001697823590 & 139841996082394 fbid =



original publication here on the website of our partner: http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=126815644036357

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JAZZ SINGER AND DON PELAYO




Oskarele perpetrated by a cavity in the rock, inside of the Holy Cave of Covadonga, in the bush Auseva, located in the beautiful Asturias, northern Spain, rest, presumably the remains of King Pelayo, those of his wife, and of Ermesinda, sister of the king. "LIES AQVI Pelai MR DON KING, 716 Ellet THE YEAR THAT BEGAN IN THIS MIRACULOUS THE RESTAVRACION Cuebas BENCA THE MOORS OF SPAIN, DIED YEAR AND ACCOMPANYING SS 737 M / GER Y ROTHERS."


A few meters away is the image of the beloved Santina, the Virgin of Covadonga, the patron saint of the region and greatly loved by the Asturian.

The question is: Why is buried this mythical founder of the Kingdom Astur, traditionally considered the initiator of the so-called Reconquista, in the same place where they worship an alleged Marian apparition?

The answer offered half tradition, legends and history. Let's see what happened, allegedly, of course.

The Chronicle of Alfonso III, a historical document that is attributed to the King Alfonso III, covering a space of time from the reign of Wamba until the end of the reign of Ordoño I, we read:

"... Pelayo, having escaped the Muslims and seeking refuge in Asturias, is elected king by an assembly, and organizing the resistance of the Asturian on Mount Auseva in the "Cova dominica (Covadonga). March an army against him innumerable, commanded by Alcama, Terec partner, and which will also Opas, son of Witiza and Metropolitan of Toledo and Seville, who maintains a dramatic dialogue with Pelayo. Mediation failed attempted by Opas, the battle begins, but the arrows and stones hurled by slings back to hurt the attackers, who fled eventually being killed and imprisoned Alcama Opas. Coming down the mountain Auseva fugitives to reach Liebana, a mountain collapsed on them, killing 63,000 Chaldeans ... "


In this text we find the key of this story quite troubling, indeed, said that after beginning the struggle between the Asturian and the Muslim conquerors, "the arrows and stones hurled by slings back to hurt the attackers, who eventually died away leaving Alcama and Opas prisoner. Coming down the mountain Auseva fugitives to reach Liebana, a mountain collapsed on them, killing 63,000 Chaldeans

...". Let Parts: Don Pelayo, of which there are many well-known when he was born, according to legend , was a noble Visigoth of Asturias, son of the Duke Favila (Faffila, according to the Chronicle Albeldense, also written in the reign of Alfonso III). It seems that fought with the armies of King Rodrigo, last Visigoth king at the Battle of Guadalete in April or May of 711, where the king died and that was a major victory for the Muslim invaders.

After the battle, Pelayo Asturias pa shot, but not before some time in Toledo shelter, guarding, presumably, the treasure of the Visigoth king died. Asturias had been taken by Muslims, by Muza raids between 712 and 714, which forced the nobles astures to capitulate, including, possibly, Don Pelayo. But problems soon arose. Thus, in 718, Munuza, the Moro chieftain of the area, married, again according to legend, by force Pelayo's sister, Adosinda. This caused the first revolt led by the future leader of Asturias, which failed, ending with the arrest of this, he was taken to Cordova.

is not known well as many, but he escaped and returned to Asturias, where he organized a second revolt, taking refuge in the mountains of Covadonga and Cangas de Onis. It appears that in 722 Munuza sent to General Al Qama to subdue these rebels Asturian, who were refugees in the Mountain Auseva.


This mountain was the Cave of Covadonga, a supposed former place of worship, which, presumably, surrender and worship of a little virgin: Tradition says that Don Pelayo, chasing a criminal who had taken refuge there, he met a hermit who worshiped at one small statue of the Virgin Mary. Begged the hermit Pelayo to forgive the wrongdoer, because he had invoked the protection of the Virgin, and said that one day that he too would need to seek shelter in the cave ... it is not clear whether it was a previous cult or not. The truth is that "Covadonga" means "Cave of the Lady", as it comes from the Latin "Cova Dominica."

Indeed, according to legend, took refuge in the cave during the so-called rebels Battle of Covadonga in 722. What happened next explains why the association between Don Pelayo and the Virgen de Covadonga, Santina: Another chronicle of Alfonso III, the Chronicle of Albelda, dated from 881:

"Alqama entered with 187,000 men Asturias . Pelayo was with his companions on Mount Auseva and Alkama's army came to him and raised numerous shops opposite the entrance of a cave. Oppas Bishop rose to a mound in front of the cave and spoke to Rodrigo, "Pelayo, Pelayo, where are you?". The questioned looked out a window and said, "Here I am." The bishop then said, "I conclude, brother and son, that you are not hiding how recently the whole of Spain was united under the rule of the Goths and brighter than other countries for their doctrine and science, which, however, met all the army of the Goths, could not sustain the momentum of the Ismailis, can you defend you at the top of this mountain? I find it difficult. Take my advice: go back to your agreement, you will enjoy many goods and enjoy the friendship of the Chaldeans. " Pelayo said then: "Did not you read in the Scriptures that the Lord's church will be like the grain of mustard seed and grow again by the mercy of God?". The bishop replied: "Truly, it is written." [...] We have to advocate with the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who can get rid of these pagan [...]. Alqama sent then begin the battle, and soldiers took up arms. Rose up the trebuchets, slings were prepared, flashed their swords, spears and curled incessantly launched arrows. But the point were the glories of the Lord: the stones that fell from the trebuchets and arrived at the house of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who was inside the cave, turned against those who shot and killed the Chaldeans. And God does not throw needed but gives the palm of victory he loves, the Chaldeans take flight ... "

So, according to tradition, was due to Santina Pelayo and the brave rebels astures troops succeeded in crushing Al Qama. Later they, and callback request, they managed to catch and load Munuza. It was the moment that started the "reconquista" against the "infidel" Muslims, who completed seven-odd years after the capture of Granada in 1492.


Don Pelayo came to be proclaimed King of Asturias, established his court in Cangas de Onis, and died in 737. Although he was buried in the Abamia church, his remains were finally transported, by order of Alfonso X el Sabio, king of Castile and Leon, to the Holy Cave of Covadonga, supposedly ...


Obviously, from a viewpoint skeptical, as is mine, the story did not. Surely there were thirty thousand astures against Muslims, but many others would also familiar with a complicated orographically area. After all, history often write the winners.

Moreover, Muslims have a different story: according to the Chronicle of al-Maqqari "Anbasa in times of Ibn al-Qalbi Suhaim, rose Galician land a wild ass called Belay [Pelayo]. Since then began Christians in al-Andalus to defend against Muslim lands that remained in his possession, which had not expected to achieve. The Islamists, fighting the polytheists and forcing them to emigrate, had taken over their country until it was Ariyula, land of the Franks, and had conquered Pamplona in Galicia and had not been but the rock where it hides the king named Pelayo with three hundred men. The soldiers did not stop attacking until its soldiers died of starvation and were not in their company, but thirty men and ten women. And they had to eat honey but taking the left by bees in the crevices of the rock. The situation of Muslims became painful, and despised out saying "thirty wild donkeys, what harm can do to us?". In the year 133 died and his son reigned Pelayo Fáfila. Belay The kingdom lasted for nineteen years, and his son, two. "

But the truth is that since then, and probably before, the Cueva de la Santina," toddlers and gallant, "as the song, with its grueling 101 steps, and the Basilica, built between 1877 and 1901, have become important places of worship Marian, both by the Asturian, who have a special I appreciate your Santina (either for religious or merely traditional heritage of his people), and by the English faithful Christians who visit the beautiful enclave mass.

The truth is worth visiting the site of extraordinary beauty and captivating, regardless of religious belief that a practice or stop practicing, and road, shop vueltecilla by the National Park Picos de Europa, which pilla to the layman, with the wonderful Lagos de Covadonga.

whole experience.

"Blessed Queen / of our mountain / that has the throne / the birthplace of Spain. It is Mother and Queen / Come pilgrims / in front of it aspire / aromas divine / and it is the Soul of English people. "


More sources and information: here, here: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_III_de_Asturias here: http://es.wikipedia. org / wiki / Roderico here: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Pelayo here: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Asturias and here: http:// es.wikipedia.org / wiki / Santa_Cueva_de_Covadonga .

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SANTINA Rosa Luxemburg. Writer and political theorist. Origin is unknown date. Zero

"Whoever does not move, do not feel the strings"
Rosa Luxemburg. Writer and political theorist. Unknown origin of the event.

Saturday, March 26, 2011

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Biology Essay Question

ATLANTIS. PART 24. THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: LEWIS SPENCE


Perpetrated by Oskarele

"(The Atlanteans were) Aurignacian or Cro-Magnon ... exceptionally high, in fact children of the gods, with an average height of between 1.84 and 1.99 meters in the case of men, although women were small, which proves that it was a mixed breed. "

James Lewis Thomas Chalmers Spence (1874-1955) was an expert in Scottish mythology with an impressive work, both as extensive as at Curran, but on the other hand, controversial and risky proposals.

After graduating from the University of Edinburgh, began a career as a journalist, then became editor of several publications in the early twentieth century.
Around the same time became interested in mythology and folklore of Mexico and Central America, published in 1908 a revised version of the Mayan book Popol Vuh. A couple of years later published "A Dictionary of Mythology", which would also make a comprehensive study of these cultures.

but also focused his interest in ancient history and legends of his homeland, Scotland. Thus, in 1905 published a study on the Britons called "Mysteries of Celtic Britain "which theorizes about the idea that they were immigrant from northwestern Africa, probably related to his time with the Berbers and the Basques. Also served as Vice President of the Scottish Anthropological and Folklore Society (Scottish Society of anthropology and folklore) and received a royal pension for his service to culture.

This research on the cultures of the New World and Western Europe and Africa took no choice but to Atlantis. Thus, during the decade of the twenties, he published a series of books, among which are "The Problem of Atlantis (1924)" or "History of Atlantis" (1927), in which roughly follows the line of inquiry raised by Ignatius Donnelly, considering those sunken islands as an ancient civilization linked to the New World, but also in contact with Old Europe.

About Atlantis would other works such as "Atlantis in America," 1925, "The occult sciences of Atlantis", 1927, or "The Problem of Lemuria: The Sunken Continent of the Pacific", 1932. Interestingly, they say that, despite his enthusiasm for the subject, Spence thought he was a threat to their position of authoritative scholar if he continued talking openly about life at the time of Atlantis and the arts esoteric that he believed were made there. Suspended all work on the subject and by those who knew him, he refused to go back to talking about Atlantis. Apart

do a lot of books on mythology and history hidden from both the ancient Britons ("The Magic Arts in Celtic Britain", published in 1949, or "The History and Origins of Druidism" of the same year) on occult ("An Encyclopaedia of Occultism: A compendium of information on the occult sciences, occult Personalities, psychic science, magic, demonology, spiritism and mysticism", 1920, or "Occult Causes of the Present War" 1940, the first book on the Nazi esotericism) or mythology, publishing books about different countries, including Mexico, Peru, Egypt and Europe.

As for Atlantis, The idea that there was not really an island continent, if there were two: one where Plato said, (near the Strait of Gibraltar) and another in the West Indies (called precisely Antillia .) I was convinced by the many overlapping points between the different mythological legends on both sides of the pond that or there was an intense communication between the Old and New World before Columbus discovered or developed their legends each hemisphere from a point Central then disappeared. For example, points out the similarities between Quetzalcoatl, the Toltec god who brought civilization to Mexico and returned to Tlapallan, place of origin in the sea, and Atlas, so important in the legends refer to Atlantis. Both were twins, both are represented with a beard and each supported the sky.

also considers that there were several waves of migration, and suggests that the Cro-Magnon skulls indicate that the human type to which they belonged had a brain capacity far greater than that of the inhabitants of Europe at the time, almost as if were a race of supermen. Affirms that the Magdalenian culture (for about 16,000 years), was a second wave of immigration. And the third would be 11,500 years ago, according to Spence, were the ancestors of the Iberians that spread throughout Spain and other parts of the Mediterranean and the Atlas mountains. And these are in effect the Atlantis of which Plato spoke.

short, nothing new. A simple review of the theories of Donnelly, but lowered slightly the degree of civilization, considering the Atlantis in a "Stone Age" similar to the old Mexico or Peru.

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CLASSIFYING RITES. Emile Durkheim. THE SACRED AND THE PROFANE




Oskarele Perpetrated by classifications, by Usually, sometimes pretending to keep a purely descriptive character inventory, limited to sort the objects, people or their behavior. Actually the title and distinction of different classes or categories of rituals highlight the problems inherent to this subject. That is, the fact whether to classify the rites involves positioning. Let's see.

respect to the classification of the rites and rituals should be noted the figure of Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) as a true pioneer. This man was a French sociologist who formally established sociology as an academic discipline to be considered along with Karl Marx and Max Weber, one of the founding fathers that science. However, Durkheim, in his classic work "The Elementary Forms of Religious Life" (1912), compared the cultural lives of Aboriginal and modern societies, to attach great importance to the "ritual attitudes."

At one level, Durkheim distinguishes two distinct categories: the negative cult (consisting of taboos and prohibitions) and positive cult (which should be set as the relationship of individuals and the group to the sacred).

First, the negative cult, is to ensure separation between profane and sacred system bases its understanding of religious phenomena: "... All known religious beliefs, whether simple or complex, have an identical common feature: they account for a classification of things, real or ideal, that men are represented in two classes, in two opposite gender, usually designated by two terms defined the profane and sacred words translated fairly well "

Thus the negative cult makes clear what areas of activity of the sacred and the profane, avoiding any mixture" wicked or dangerous. " For this it uses taboos (absolutely banned objects and actions), prohibitions (negative rules) and separation of physical spaces (the vs Temple. the town, as two entirely separate worlds.)

other hand the positive cult has a different motivation: it regulates the relationship of individuals as such and as part of a collective. And this is where the ritual takes on its true importance, it is through rituals such as the individual breaks the boundary of the profane and the sacred, closer to their gods. Here is where Durkheim raises different kinds of rituals.

one hand would ascetic rituals, ranging from simple deprivation of food and human company to extreme body mutilation. Somehow these ascetic rites are related to another type, the sacrificial rites, the sacrifices of life, which constitute an act of renunciation on the one hand, but on the other also delivers an offering and communion.

Then would the imitative rites, which are based on the principle that like produces like, approaching what some call "sympathetic magic." Here are the typical practices of representation (eg the host of the Catholics, who "is" the flesh of Christ), invocation (eg the cult images of the Virgin) and enchantment.

representative commemorative rites offer an enormously wide range, from the feasts (the anniversary of divine apparitions, ancestor worship), held in sacred places, to the most popular festivals, with a strong element of play, but always with a ritual background and social cohesion.

But there are also the sacrificial rites, in sharp contrast to the holidays, as highlighted by the sad memorial (funeral ceremonies, mourning, atonement for sins).

Durkheim, despite concentrating its analysis on the religious moves, explicitly recognizes the existence of secular rituals, especially mass rituals (parades, games, shows ...)

As we said at the beginning of this little article, the fact itself to classify something implies a subjective point of the binder. For Durkheim this is the fundamental idea of \u200b\u200bseparation between the profane and the sacred, and structured around this type of ritual. However

Is this really so? Is there really this dualistic separation between secular and sacred world as religious systems?

one hand it is clear that yes, all religions believe that there are things, beings or sacred entities, which by their very nature are different and separate from things profane beings or entities. But on the other hand, we must bear in mind two important things: the "contamination" mutual between the sacred and the profane and the existence Midwayer (or intermediaries).

The sacred and the profane are two opposing and antagonistic categories provided they are not in direct contact between them. This is evidenced by the number of prohibitions that limit the access of each other's field. For example, the Greek heroes were many demigods, children of a god with a human, as human being (and therefore secular), but with some characteristics of their parents divine and sacred. Another example would be the Sancta Sanctorum of the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem, the holiest site for Jews, who were totally forbidden to enter those who do not belong to the priesthood (even within these a few have real access, the higher hierarchies, the high priests). If anyone could think of was severely reprimanded stepped on, and this is important, it was necessary to purify the temple back to the risk that had been contaminated by the profane.

So we know that, first, the sacred and the profane, as the concept of Durkheim, are two antithetical heterogeneous categories, but, on the other hand, need not always be, that is, the sacred can profane become contaminated if something profane and vice versa. For example

holy water of the churches is neither more nor less than, commonly speaking, water tap, profane, becomes sacred by the action of divinity. The same applies to the consecrated host.

Another important French sociologist Jean Cazeneuve (1915-2005), specializing in issues of social communications, the author of works such as "Sociology of broadcasting" (1969), "The Power of Television" (1970) and " mass communications "(1977), also provided interesting classification of rituals.

The author begins with the idea that man is subject to an ongoing struggle: the conflict between his sense of freedom and the threats it is subjected in his life (both metaphysical and physical). So one side wants the most freedom and independence, but on the other, is subject to rules and laws, intended to perpetuate a modus vivendi.

would be basically the eternal conflict between individual and collective, between the part and whole.

Well, Cazeneuve, proposed that the ritual is closely related to this problem, providing three possible solutions (it being understood, therefore, that this author classifies the function as social rituals that have):

1. ; First help ease the anguish and risks associated with everything that is beyond your everything that is not up to us as individuals. So the rites on the one hand would provide preservation of the system (giving peace to the individual), by taboos. On the other side would contribute to pollution purification of evil (understood as something metaphysical) and, above all, preparing for the future through the famous rites of passage.

2. On the other hand, rituals help to seek power through contacts with the supernatural, but at the expense of security, as happens, for example, rites linked to magic or witchcraft This practice requires the use of unclean or disgusting objects (bones, carcasses, droppings), violation of taboos (murder, incest, violence) and above all, the intervention of "special characters", more often evil (devils, demons) than good (tutelary spirits, guardian angels)

3. ; Finally, the ritual can take aim at a divinity transcendent, supreme, that allows man to participate in its essence, separating the sacred from the profane, and even judiciously regulate everyday life. In this role would be all systems of religious rituals, which also split between negative (prohibited substances, fasts, testing initiation) and positive (prayer, offerings, communion)

Personally I think the most appropriate classification, and with which we work ourselves, it is much simpler than that provided by Durkheim or Cazeneuve. Basically I think the most appropriate division, and in fact the most widespread, although with some differences, which classifies the rituals around their relationship or not "supernatural" because it is a god, a spirit or voice ancestors.

So only two groups have rituals, magical-religious rituals (with goals of significance and approach to the deity) and secular rituals (more focused social cohesion and everyday life).
around these two groups we will discuss the different types of human rituals, its contribution to society and the individual as well as the symbolic level underneath.

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IMPOSTOR





Oskarele Perpetrated by "One man's life is a boring thing. I Lived Many Lives.'m Never bored." (The life of a man is a dull thing. I have had many lives. I never got bored)

In 1960, during a robbery at a seedy hotel in New York City, died a decrepit gentleman of 70 years, night porter business, called Stanley Clifford Weyman. It was the last time his name appeared in newspapers.

was leaving behind a fabulous life of deceit and lies that had allowed him to be consul, a lieutenant in the navy, an expert on prisons, lawyer, medical journalist and film star Pola Negri ... we'll see who it was.

Stanley was born in 1890 in Brooklyn, New York, within a poor family could not afford their studies, so that from an early age had to fend for themselves. Thus, in 1910, with twenty shattered, was first arrested on charges of fraud, since it had passed by the U.S. consul in Morocco, in order to dine at the best restaurants in town.

This arrest did not stop soon after hiciese go through a military attaché in Serbia and a Navy lieutenant in the U.S., but again was captured.

Weyman was released for the second time in 1915, but continued with his lies, he became Lieutenant-Commander Ethan Allen Weinberg, consul general of Romania. Flaunting this false charge, personally inspected the USS Wyoming, a U.S. Navy ship. The move went so far to venture to invite the admirals of the ship and other celebrities at a gala dinner at the Waldorf Astoria hotel ... but the publicity given to the act caused the FBI to stay with the singing, so was arrested in half of the party by the feds.

He was heard complaining that they should have waited until dessert.

was sentenced to one year in jail.

In 1917 he became Royal St. Cyr, a false air Lt. American Army. He was again arrested, but was paroled in 1920. Seeing

chunga had the thing in America, pal went south, just for Peru, where he pretended to be a doctor of a large construction company. He threw lavish parties and lived as a god, until the credit ran out and was arrested.
is
In 1921 he learned of the princess Fatima Afghanistan was visiting the U.S. so without thinking twice visited her as a representative of the State Department Naval, apologizing for the oversight and pledging to make an appointment with the president. He managed to get $ 10,000 as "gifts" to officials of the Department of State. The money, interestingly, he used to carry on a private railway to the princess and her entourage and accommodation at the luxurious Willard Hotel in Washington DC



Once in the U.S. capital, it gigs meet with the secretary of state, Charles Evans Hughes, who could not convince him an audience with Princess Afghan President, at the time, Warren G. Harding. But he got stubborn, and pushing force, managed to get the attention of the president, who managed to speak.

got a private audience for the Princess.
At night he went to celebrate with the Afghans to a fancy restaurant.

Some bugs in the protocol aroused the suspicion was confirmed when the press showed the photos along with the princess. He was rearrested and charged with impersonating a naval officer. He was sentenced to two years in prison.

After leaving prison, the newspaper "The Evening", asked him to try to get a interview with the Queen Mary of Romania, who was visiting the country. He was admitted as Secretary of State and got the interview.



But his most popular achievement was to come: In 1926 Weyman appeared at the funeral of Rudolph Valentino (1895-1926), accompanied in mourning for her lover (pictured above), the actress, Pola Negri (1897-1887), which said it had been his personal physician and friend. He dared even to the beautiful Negri prescribe some painkillers and issuing press releases about its status. Pola Negri was sentenced after having been exposed, but this time was not arrested.

was then attorney, coming to give some lectures at universities, and during World War II was dedicated to giving advice to those who wanted to avoid going to the front, simulating various health problems.

was sentenced to seven years in prison for this. Later

be devoted to radio journalism, both in 1948 got credentials to become a UN reporter, and something after the Ambassador of Thailand offered him gigs as a press officer for the group at the UN. This happened in early 1951. Worried about jobs that might endanger their U.S. citizenship, requested permission the secretary of state ... with such bad luck that an officer recognized her name and gave him away.

Finally, as we said at first, in August 1960, Weyman was fatally shot when he tried to stop the robbery at the hotel where he worked as a night porter.

More info and sources here , here , here.

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WASTE OF PROFESSION. Madrid Music Group. In his song "Reunion", featured on the album "When tomorrow."


"Sorry, trunk, but today I caught with a loose tongue. It will be spring, or the change of seasons, I do not know. Allergy be life giving me excuses made. And I can not stop thinking about the stories they told us for us to start doing accounts, we are looking for someone who was in hand, how much we change for a dish of lentils, in what the Leno were between the eyebrows, the lyrics we sang in chorus in the part of behind a bus, drinking a hill in San Juan and night and campfire. And the more I think, the more you give me turning it on. "

WASTE. Madrid Music Group. In his song "Reunion", featured on the album "When tomorrow."

Friday, March 25, 2011

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CINEMA IN RUSSIA. PART 6.


Perpetrated by Oskarele

These two directors have said, Vertov and Kuleshov, while important both for their works and their thoughts on the film, which will not raise the Russian film altars of the seventh heaven. It will be responsible for the two that we need, Eisenstein, discussed in the next article, and Pudovkin, which we are going to talk now.

Ilariónovich Vsevolod Pudovkin born in Penza in 1893. As I was studying engineering at the outbreak of the First World War could not avoid going to the front, being captured by the Germans, who were held until the end of the war, in 1918, when he returned to Russia. Feel, in a Initially, a great vocation for the theater and film and that belittles considered a minor art. This thinking will change radically when you see the Griffith film "Intolerance" then joins the group of Lev Kuleshov, The Laboratory, in 1922, where he will do everything from writing, directing, acting and editing in addition to movies. Collaborate

as in all works of Kuleshov until 1925, when it leaves the laboratory to be mounted on their own, acting and participating in " Neobychainye priklyucheniya mistero Vesta v strane bolshevikov " (The Extraordinary Adventures of Mr. West in the Land of the Bolsheviks) in 1924 and " Smerti Luch" (The death ray), 1925.

debut as director with the documentary "Sachmatnaya goryachka (Chess Fever), 1925, on a chess tournament in Moscow, though with some clearly funny. The following year, 1926, will shoot "Mekanik golovnogo Mozg " (The mechanics of the brain), another documentary, this time from popular science, analyzing the studies conducted by Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, the dogs, which is dedicated to illustrate the conditioned reflex.



And then comes his masterpiece, " Mat (Mother) in 1926 based on the wonderful novel by Maxim Gorky, which, thanks to the impressive performance of actress Vera Baranovskaia, did something innovative, powerful and moving: the scene where the old mother, won by the ideas of his son lets himself be killed at the head of a demonstration with the red flag in hand, deserves to be cited as a model for cinematic expression and what a good actor can bring to an author who knows how to use him. This is something really upstream at a time when art directors see a dim abuse interpretations of the actors, in their efforts to move away from the theater and make movies as realistic as possible.


Pudovkin
In fact believed in the social meaning of individual characters. Part of his studies addressed the issue of interpretation (Pudovkin himself had an important career as an actor) and differences between acting in film and theater. The film, with his technique, removes the constraints that remain lifelike drama. Forced gesture and declamation, which affect the natural potential of the actor, are eliminated by the ability to approach or choose to have, like the eye, the camera lens. Thus, projected onto the screen, this allows a greater number of shades, more subtle, that give the film the realism that both eager filmmakers of the era.


These constants will last for "Sankt-Peterburg Koniets " (The End of St. Petersburg), 1927, epic reconstruction of the October Revolution of 1917, where an anonymous person is transformed by revolutionary events. Something similar to what happens to the protagonist of his next work " Potomok Chingisjana " (Storm Over Asia), 1928, which tells how a fur trader and a descendant of Genghis Khan for Mongolians rebelled against the British and colonial troops whose symbolic end, shows his penchant for metaphors.


These three books, "Mother," "The End of St. Petersburg" and "Storm Over Asia" can be (indeed are) considered as a trilogy as they are closely related in both thematic motivations as in style and message.

In 1928, with the advent of sound film, Pudovkin, Eisenstein and Alejandrov signed the Manifesto of the Sound, where the possibilities of sound are discussed, and sometimes misunderstood as a complement to the images. These ideas could be done in future movies: " Prostoj Sluchaj " (Life is Beautiful), 1932, or " Dezert " (The Deserter), 1933, a story focusing on the German shipyard workers who are oppressed by their employers both capitalist the union leaders as dishonest and conceived as a new development of supportive relationships Russian-Germans. Both works will not have the quality of his earlier works.



Like other Soviet directors, complemented by his creative activity with an important theoretical texts and production program on aesthetics and other various aspects of cinematic expression. He was interested in a special way by the mounting problem, according to the tendency of the Soviet school of the twenties as it is considered one of the more specific elements of film language. Also concerned about the art of interpretation, because of their direct experience as an actor in several movies. Among the main tests of Pudovkin include "The director and the film material" (1926), "The set" (1926) and "The actor in the film" (1934).

With a break due to health problems (for because of a serious car accident), Pudovkin returned to the cinema in 1938 with a series of historical pieces that were not as successful as their previous work, "Pobeda" (Victory), 1938, which marks the twentieth anniversary of the Russian Revolution, "Minin and Pozharsky" 1939 and "Suvorov" (General Suvorov), 1941.

With the end of World War II, under the criticism of the party, return to the themes of his early films. His last work was "Vozvraschenie Vasily Bortnikov (The Return of Vasili Bortnikov), 1952.

He died in 1953.


More info here on Whiskypedia , here , here, and here .

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PUDOVKIN Aristotle. ON THE SOUL AND HIDDEN KNOWLEDGE SCIENCES


Perpetrated by Oskarele

Of course, the Aristotelian theory of substance, confronted and openly critical of the Theory of Ideas of Plato's good, it also departs of his master in regard to the conception of human beings. Recall that Plato regarded this as accidental and temporary union of body and soul (prisoner in the body and only released with death), a corruptible and the other immortal.

For Plato man is soul as immortal and transcendent which is this, man endures beyond death.

Aristotle, consistent with his theory of substance, which assumes that there is no separate existences, but junticos matter and form, apply this scheme to the problem of man must be a substance composed of matter (the body) and is (soul).

But the same happens in all living things, from a pea to our beloved president Zapatero. All of them have soul in a substantial union (not accidental, as posed by Plato), and although the distinction between soul and body is real, can only be thought.

This leads to a tragic consequence: the soul can not be immortal, and there can be no form without matter.

When man dies, loses his way of "being alive" to become "dead" (though, following their own terms, would be a dead man in power ...)

Still, in his book "De Anima "will present three types of soul: vegetative, the sensitive and rational.


The vegetative soul exercises the functions of assimilation and reproduction (functions of maintenance of life) and is the kind of soul plant itself, but in fact all living beings have it, since these functions common to all.

The sensitive soul, as Aristotle than the propagation, it is the animal itself, apart from basic functions, also controls the senses, desire and movement, as well as imagination and memory.

The third kind of soul, than the previous two, is the rational soul, which accounts for the functions of the other two, but also is able to exercise intellect (ability of scientific knowledge and practical). It's the kind of human being's soul and is not only vital principle, but the beginning of knowledge.



This brings us to the existence of different levels of knowledge: sensible derived from the senses, and is something immediate and characteristic of animals. Humans also have it, but, when mixed with sensory memory and imagination results in a form of knowledge that, without that allows men to know the reason and the cause of the known objects, allowing them, without But knowing that there is, experience is knowledge of particular things: "... any action is sensitive to our eyes the true knowledge, rather than are the foundation of knowledge of particular things, but why not tell us anything, for example, we do see that fire is hot but just warm. "

addition, the human being endowed with a state higher level of knowledge: the understanding that allows us to know the why of things, but always based on experience, the starting point of all knowledge, culminating in the know.

distinguishes Aristotle "Metaphysics" three of knowledge: productive (aims at making useful) practical knowledge (ordering rational behavior) and contemplative or theoretical knowledge (not respond to any type of interest, neither practical nor productive, and represents the highest form of knowledge that leads to wisdom)

The idea that it is through the experience will nurture understanding (the rational soul) of its objects of knowledge through a process involving sensitivity, memory and imagination, is really innovative, and is without doubt one of the great contributions of Aristotle.

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: The Hermetic / TAROT ... KEY 10. NADA


For Bicho

continue with the Tarot, Key key, the 22 Major Arcana.

Rotation is the keyword assigned to the Wheel of Fortune (Fortuna = Force One). It is closely connected to ideas such as spinning, winding, swirling, shooting, etc. What is meant is that the symbolism of this Code refers to the initial rotational movement in the vast expanse of the root substance of the universe that occultists called Boundless Light. Differentiation in the primary movement rise to all manner or quality changes in each plane.

The title refers to the allocation of pairs of opposites "Wealth and Poverty." Attributed to this key intelligence reward, and also the planet Jupiter in astrology which is called the Great Fortune and is claimed to exert a tremendous influence of prosperity and all benefit when well placed in a horoscope. Cherubic

Emblems (Toro, Leon, Eagle and Man) are the Cherubim mentioned in Ezekiel and Revelation. Represent the four fixed signs of the zodiac. The wheel itself is a symbol of the complete cycle of cosmic expression. The yellow snake, which suggests movement vibration represents the involution of radiating cosmic energy, or Fohat within the area. Hermanubis, head of a jackal, represents the evolution of consciousness from lower to higher forms. Finally, the Sphinx typifies the real self of man, having finished his evolutionary journey in this cycle of manifestation.


This key is the most enigmatic, since it is like a hieroglyph that is anyone's guess, it is the figure of the Sphinx reminds us.
corner Figures represent that with which all creation is made symbolically 4 aspects (air-water-fire-earth) 4 planes (archetypal-creative-educational-stated) even in modern science and reach as far as our knowledge primary energy is divided into 4 forces (two nuclear and two strong and weak electromagnetic). Although in reality there are three, and the fourth is the result of the interaction of the other three, the fourth is the world we know. As in music or in colors, there are three basic notes or primary colors, music, the colorful, the fourth,

The three figures at the center represent things like life-death-life imprisonment-human-animal consciousness beyond or after current state of human evolution, intelligence, sense-consciousness.

The wheel represents the cycles and rhythms of evolution, expansion and manifestation. The word Tarot is readable to the right and left, so you can read several words in one way or another: tarot (wheel of life) tora (universal law) rotates (rotation) orat (rather meditate and pray mindless repetition of a god of personal characteristics human) ator (Egyptian goddess of love, universal law of attraction) etc.

The key to the symbolic language speaks of rhythms, cycles within cycles, repetition but at a higher level or different. The evolution is performed through cyclical experiences in which learning and awareness of this brings us up at the turn of a spiral as if it were, the meaning of the letter "Kaph" is "the hand grasping" Bone understanding. Understanding life situations is what sets us free from past mistakes, becoming aware of whatever reality this frees us, frees and enables us to act in appropriate ways, using a simile, not attempt to remove darkness a shovel, if you want light, turn light and stop fighting with darkness.

On provides the knowledge (valid) of a given experience but face the future from the look clean, open this gives us a better perspective, more real, because no two experiences distant in time are exactly alike. This present is symbolized by the center of the wheel whose geometric symbol is the tip of a cone or the top of a mountain, which looks pretty good where we come from and is very well where we are, which is usually what interested in, what you want, be this or that, having this or that, do this or that, ultimately channeling our desires properly is what makes us happy, that is our fortune.

Benevolence and compassion are also attributes of this key, in the act of compassion, understanding or ability to "feel with" it is essential to know when something is the way to get to the heart of the object to learn.

for this key color is purple and in humans refers to the solar plexus and located above and behind the stomach. (Who has not ever felt a knot in your stomach?, Well, this feeling occurs in the solar plexus which is considered the brain of the parasympathetic nervous system).

To not take up too much room here at the following address can be found a series of tasks involved in this and the following keys: http://sites.google.com/site/meditacionporlahumanidad/tabla-de-correspondencias-del-tarot
and this one (sound and color) if you click on the name Color us out a lot more responsibilities, especially related to the physical body: http://sites.google.com/site/meditacionporlahumanidad/sonido-y-color

Greetings in LVX
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